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Heat Sources(熱源)
overview(概觀)
This module will discuss sources of heat and its effects, along with various ways to cool the CPU and system.
本模塊將討論熱源及其影響，以及冷卻CPU和系統的各種方法。
Heat Sources(熱源)
Heat is generated through thermal radiation as a by-product of electromagnetic movement within the circuits of our computers. The heat is caused by the internal resistance that the electricity encounters as it flows throughout the computer, and this resistance creates enough heat that the computer often becomes very, very hot inside the case. Each component of the computer creates heat at a different rate, depending on the specific operations being performed. For example, the CPU generates the most heat, since it does the greatest number of computations and uses a large amount of electricity. Another common source of heat is the graphics processing unit (GPU), which does an enormous amount of processing when performing calculations required to support 3D graphics, such as those used in video gaming. Often, during gaming, the GPU will actually create more heat than the CPU.
通過熱輻射產生的熱量是我們計算機電路內電磁運動的副產品。 熱量是由電流在整個計算機中流動時遇到的內部電阻引起的，並且該電阻產生的熱量足以使計算機在機殼內部變得非常非常熱。 根據所執行的特定操作，計算機的每個組件以不同的速率產生熱量。 例如:CPU產生的熱量最多，因為它進行了大量的計算並消耗大量電能。 另一個常見的熱量來源是圖形處理單元（GPU），當執行支持3D圖形的計算時，例如:視頻遊戲中使用的那些計算，它會進行大量處理。 通常，在遊戲過程中，GPU實際上會比CPU產生更多的熱量。
Other sources of heat include the hard disk and the optical disc drive, as the spinning of the disks during the read/write cycle can generate heat from both friction and electricity. Another component of the computer that generates an enormous amount of heat is the PSU, as it transforms AC power into DC power. Because it is such a large heat source, the power supply usually has its own dedicated cooling fan.
其他熱源包括硬盤和光盤驅動器，因為在讀/寫週期中磁盤的旋轉會因摩擦和電而產生熱量。 產生大量熱量的計算機的另一個組件是PSU，它可以將交流電轉換為直流電。 由於電源如此之大，因此電源通常具有自己的專用冷卻風扇。
Another potential source of heat is the room in which the computer is located. If you are working in a room with a high room temperature, such as 80 degrees Fahrenheit (27 degrees Celsius), the computer has to remove additional internal heat from the machine due to the environmental conditions of the room.
另一個潛在的熱源是計算機所在的房間。 如果您在室溫較高的房間，例如:華氏80度（27攝氏度）中工作，由於房間的環境條件，計算機必須從機器中清除其他內部熱量。
Heat Reduction(減少熱量)
There are many ways to reduce the amount of heat generated in a computer, but the most notable way is the use of a heat sink, like the one pictured below in green. A heat sink works to draw heat away from the sensitive components, such as the CPU, GPU, northbridge, and southbridge, through conduction. It then uses the fins to dissipate heat across a wider surface area. A fan usually moves air over the surface to remove the heat from the heat sink and push it out the computer’s exhaust vents on the back of the system. Heat sinks are created out of aluminum alloys or copper, which are soft metals with high heat conductivity.
有許多方法可以減少計算機中產生的熱量，但是最顯著的方法是使用散熱器，如下面的綠色圖片所示。 散熱器通過傳導將熱量從敏感組件（例如CPU，GPU，北橋和南橋）吸走。 然後，它使用散熱片在更寬的表面積上散熱。 風扇通常將空氣移動到表面上方，以從散熱器中散熱，然後將其從系統背面的計算機排氣孔中推出。 散熱器由鋁合金或銅製成，而鋁合金或銅是具有高導熱性的軟金屬。
CPU heat sink. Photo used under CC-BY-NC-ND license from Paul Ely.
Modern PCs can create a great deal of heat and require the use of both a heat sink and a cooling fan to aid in airflow and reduce the effect of heat on the nearby components. Case design is important to create good air flow through the case. Just like opening the windows and doors of a house can create a straight-through wind tunnel effect, cases are built to maximize airflow. Also, cables inside the case should be bundled and tucked out of the way to increase airflow and maximize cooling.
現代PC會產生大量熱量，並且需要同時使用散熱器和冷卻風扇來幫助氣流並減少熱量對附近組件的影響。就像打開房屋的門窗可以產生直通的風洞效果一樣，箱體也可以最大化氣流。另外，應捆紮和捆紮外殼內的電纜，以增加氣流並最大程度地冷卻。
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